Surfactant replacement therapy is considered one of the main methods of treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in premature infants, however, the optimal choice of the drug, the timing of its administration, doses, as well as the features of surfactant therapy in newborns of different gestational ages remain the subject of discussion. The article presents the experience of using curosurf in premature infants with low, very low and extremely low birth weight. Curosurf has been shown to be effective in the prevention and treatment of RDS in premature infants of various gestational ages and birth weights. Curosurf has demonstrated efficacy and a high safety profile in the treatment of RDS in newborns, in line with current global trends in neonatal respiratory therapy. After the introduction of curosurf during the first day of life, the indicators of gas exchange function of the lungs are normalized in premature babies born at a gestational age of 22-34 weeks.

This review presents information on the results of a scientific work devoted to the study of procalcitonin in premature babies. It has been established that non-infectious factors may also be the reason for the increase in the level of procalcitonin in premature newborns. Therefore, for the diagnosis of sepsis, the threshold values for the concentration of procalcitonin in the first few days of life differ from the generally accepted reference values. An increase in the concentration of procalcitonin in the blood plasma was determined in the first few days of life and under normal physiological conditions. The dynamics of the decrease in the concentration of procalcitonin in premature infants is significantly slower than in full-term ones. It has been proven that an increase in the level of procalcitonin affects not only an infectious factor, but also non-infectious causes: respiratory distress syndrome, transient tachypnea of newborns, pneumothorax, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, hemodynamic insufficiency, asphyxia at birth and the need for resuscitation. It is recommended that procalcitonin values should not be interpreted in isolation, but in combination with clinical data.

This article discusses the features of functional and immunological disorders of the kidneys in newborns born prematurely to mothers with preeclampsia and the processes of further functional formation of the kidneys. Kidney functions were studied in 40 premature infants in the early neonatal period (creatinine, urea, electrolytes and blood serum protein, daily diuresis, GFR). The clinical diagnostic and prognostic value of determining the cytokines INF-?, INF-a in the urine, the tendency of premature babies to hyponatremia in the first day of life, which indicates a low concentration function of the kidneys, has been proven. It has been established that in premature babies from mothers with preeclampsia, damage to the glomerular apparatus, manifested by a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate, edematous syndrome and an increase in creatinine concentration, has a short-term character and normalizes against the background of ongoing therapy. The clinical diagnostic and prognostic value of determining the cytokines INF-?, INF-a in urine has been proven.

Currently, there is a need for a comprehensive assessment of the state of the hemostasis system in deeply premature newborns, including not only an assessment of the state of the vascular wall, platelet and plasma links of hemostasis, as well as the identification of features of polymorphism of genes controlling hemostasis. The identification of these features will help in predicting the development of hemorrhagic disorders in deeply premature newborns, which will make it possible to personalize the management tactics of this category of patients and reduce the rates of disability and infant mortality. In order to identify variants of polymorphism of genes of the hemostasis system in deeply premature newborns, a genetic examination of 99 children with a gestation period of up to 32 weeks was performed. With the definition of gene polymorphism: F2, F7, F13A1, FGB, ITGA2-a2, ITGB3-b3, PAI1. The study established combined variants of hemostasis gene polymorphism in children with hemorrhagic disorders, which can serve as a predictor of the formation of disorders in the hemostasis system.